After decades of navigating the aftermath of a devastating 14-year civil war, Liberia has embarked on a new chapter in its relationship with firearms. The government, through the Liberia National Commission on Small Arms (LiNCSA), has initiated a nationwide registration and licensing program for civilian-owned firearms. This landmark decision, underpinned by the foundational Act establishing the Arms Commission and further solidified by President Joseph N. Boakai’s Executive Order #141, aims to bring all civilian-held firearms under legal purview. The initiative seeks to strike a balance between acknowledging the right to bear arms and ensuring responsible gun ownership for the safety and security of all citizens. This new era of firearms regulation signifies a crucial step towards fostering a more secure and stable society, learning from the lessons of a turbulent past.
The core principle of the new policy underscores that while civilian firearm ownership is permissible, it is strictly contingent upon proper authorization from the LiNCSA. Owning or using a firearm without a valid permit or license is deemed illegal. This mandate necessitates all prospective gun owners to demonstrate proficiency in basic firearm handling through a Liberia National Police-certified training program. Individuals lacking such certification are required to complete a mandatory compliance training course before being considered eligible for a permit or license. This tiered approach aims to ensure responsible gun ownership by equipping individuals with the necessary knowledge and skills to handle firearms safely and legally. This emphasis on training and competence underscores the government’s commitment to mitigating the risks associated with widespread firearm availability. The new regulations aim to prevent accidental shootings, misuse of firearms, and other potential hazards associated with untrained individuals handling weapons.
The LiNCSA has clearly delineated the distinctions between a Firearm Permit and a Firearm License. A Firearm Permit authorizes an individual to legally acquire and possess a firearm within Liberia, while a Firearm License grants the legal right to operate and use the firearm. However, the use of firearms is strictly governed by the Commission’s laws and regulations. Civilians may legally possess firearms for specific purposes, including game hunting for sustenance or sport, participation in traditional ceremonies, and personal protection under specific security needs categories. This framework aims to regulate firearm ownership while recognizing legitimate uses within the Liberian context.
The 2024 Firearms and Ammunition Control Law specifies the types of firearms permitted for civilian use: shoulder firearms, encompassing single or double-barrel rifles primarily intended for hunting, traditional practices, or recreational shooting, and 9x19mm pistols, authorized solely for individuals with special security needs. This controlled approach to firearm types aims to limit the circulation of weapons that pose a higher risk to public safety. However, certain individuals and institutions, by virtue of their official roles or societal standing, are granted exemptions under the law. This includes legislators, Supreme Court justices, high-ranking government officials, diplomatic missions, concession companies, large businesses, and prominent citizens. The rationale behind these exemptions recognizes the unique security considerations associated with these positions.
The eligibility criteria for obtaining a firearm permit or license are clearly defined. Applicants must be legal residents of Liberia, aged 18 or older, with no prior criminal record, including domestic violence offenses. Furthermore, they must not be on parole, have a history of mental illness or drug addiction, or have committed any human rights violations. These stringent requirements aim to ensure that firearms are entrusted to responsible individuals who pose no foreseeable threat to themselves or others. This comprehensive vetting process underscores the government’s commitment to preventing firearms from falling into the wrong hands and contributing to potential violence or instability. The aim is to create a culture of responsible gun ownership, fostering a safer environment for all Liberian citizens.
The registration process is centralized at the LiNCSA office located in the Executive Mansion in Monrovia. Interested applicants are required to submit a formal letter of application to obtain the necessary application requirements and fee schedule. All payments are to be made to a designated bank account provided by the Commission, ensuring transparency and accountability in the process. Firearm Permits are valid for two years and require renewal, while Firearm Licenses must be renewed annually. This regular renewal process allows the Commission to maintain updated records and ensure ongoing compliance with the law. The Commission does not sell firearms directly; individuals must purchase firearms from LiNCSA-certified vendors. This regulated approach to firearm acquisition further reinforces the government’s commitment to controlling the flow of weapons within the country.
To facilitate the transition to the new regulations, President Boakai has declared a one-year amnesty period, expiring on February 24, 2026. This amnesty allows civilians currently possessing unregistered firearms to register their weapons without penalty. However, only one firearm per eligible individual will be registered. Furthermore, private security firms are prohibited from possessing firearms under the new law. This decisive measure aims to address the proliferation of unregistered firearms within the country, while simultaneously clarifying the roles and responsibilities regarding firearm possession. This amnesty period provides an opportunity for compliance and reinforces the government’s commitment to responsible firearm management.
Following the amnesty period, the enforcement of the new regulations will be strictly implemented. Anyone found in possession of an unregistered firearm will face arrest and prosecution. Illegal possession of a firearm will be treated as a felony, punishable by imprisonment. This firm stance underscores the seriousness with which the government regards illegal firearm ownership and its determination to enforce the new laws. The goal is to deter illegal firearm possession and create a safer environment for all Liberians. This stringent approach, combined with the proactive measures taken to register existing firearms, signifies a comprehensive strategy towards establishing a more secure and peaceful Liberia.
