The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), a regional bloc striving for economic integration and political stability in West Africa, has faced a significant challenge with the withdrawal of three member states: Niger, Mali, and Burkina Faso. These nations, grappling with internal political instability and security concerns, formally exited the organization in January 2025 after a period of diplomatic tension stemming from their reluctance to reinstate democratic governance. The exit, while concerning, has not deterred ECOWAS from pursuing reconciliation and reintegration. Influential figures, including founding father General Yakubu Gowon and former Foreign Minister Professor Bolaji Akinyemi, have voiced optimism about the eventual return of these nations, emphasizing ongoing diplomatic efforts and the enduring spirit of African unity.
The withdrawal of Niger, Mali, and Burkina Faso, while a setback for ECOWAS, has been met with a measured response. Rather than resorting to punitive measures, the regional bloc has adopted a strategy of engagement, offering a six-month grace period for reconsideration and actively pursuing dialogue. General Gowon, while acknowledging the gravity of the situation, expressed confidence in ECOWAS’s ability to navigate this challenge. He highlighted the bloc’s resilience and unwavering commitment to regional harmony, emphasizing that every diplomatic initiative undertaken represents a step towards the eventual return of the exited states. His symbolic suggestion of renaming the organization to “ECOWASS” – incorporating “Sahel” into the acronym – underscores the importance ECOWAS places on inclusivity and the reintegration of these key nations.
Professor Akinyemi echoed Gowon’s optimism, commending Nigeria’s approach of quiet diplomacy in its interactions with the Sahel nations. Citing Nigeria’s provision of fuel aid to Niger during a recent crisis as an example, he emphasized the effectiveness of respectful and discreet assistance in fostering positive relationships and paving the way for renewed engagement. The subsequent visit of Niger’s Foreign Minister to Nigeria further reinforces the notion that communication channels remain open and that a return to the ECOWAS fold is a tangible possibility. Akinyemi’s belief in the “African way” of problem-solving – through dialogue, solidarity, and respect – underscores the cultural and political nuances that underpin the ongoing diplomatic efforts.
Beyond the immediate concern of reintegrating the exited states, the conference highlighted broader challenges and opportunities facing ECOWAS. The German Consul General in Lagos, Mr. Weert Börner, cautioned against over-reliance on external powers like Russia, urging the bloc to prioritize intra-regional solutions for peace and development. This underscores the need for ECOWAS to strengthen its own internal mechanisms and foster greater self-reliance in addressing its challenges. The focus on combating terrorism and enhancing intra-regional trade, as suggested by Börner, represents crucial areas where ECOWAS can solidify its role as a driver of stability and economic growth.
The call for deeper integration within ECOWAS, particularly in economic governance, security, and sustainable development, was a recurring theme throughout the conference. Marija Peran, the Resident Representative of Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, emphasized the importance of addressing persistent threats such as political instability, insecurity, and cross-border crime, issues that undermine the region’s progress and hinder its potential. The NIIA Director-General, Professor Eghosa Osaghae, expressed confidence in ECOWAS’s resilience and its capacity to overcome these challenges, predicting a stronger and more unified bloc within the next decade. This optimistic outlook reflects a belief in the organization’s historical ability to adapt and navigate complex regional dynamics.
The conference, attended by a diverse group of dignitaries, policymakers, and scholars, underscored the importance of collaborative efforts in addressing the challenges facing West Africa. The presence of figures like the Secretary to the Lagos State Government, Mrs. Bimbola Salu-Hundeyin, and former Foreign Minister, Major General Ike Nwachukwu (retd.), highlights the broad-based support for ECOWAS and the recognition of its crucial role in promoting regional stability and integration. The participation of scholars like Professor Olawale Albert and Professor Bola Akinterinwa further emphasizes the intellectual and academic engagement with the issues facing the bloc, contributing to a deeper understanding of the complex dynamics at play and informing future policy decisions. The collective wisdom and experience represented at the conference provide a strong foundation for ECOWAS to navigate its current challenges and build a more prosperous and secure future for the region.
