Cholera, an acute diarrheal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, remains a persistent public health concern in the Western Region of Ghana despite significant progress in its control. Dr. Gifty Amugi, the Deputy Western Regional Director of Public Health, highlighted the ongoing presence of key drivers contributing to the spread of this preventable disease. These drivers primarily stem from inadequate sanitation practices prevalent within communities. Indiscriminate disposal of waste in gutters and open spaces, the practice of open defecation, and the improper channeling of household fecal waste into gutters create environments conducive to the transmission of cholera. Unhygienic cooking practices, especially among food vendors, further exacerbate the risk of contamination and subsequent outbreaks.
Since the initial outbreak on November 4, 2024, the Western Region has recorded a total of 2,225 cholera cases as of January 15, 2025, resulting in 19 fatalities. While the current number of active cases undergoing laboratory analysis is relatively low at four, Dr. Amugi emphasized the need for continued vigilance and proactive measures to prevent further spread. She underscored the importance of personal hygiene and community cleanliness as crucial elements in combating the disease. Furthermore, Dr. Amugi commended the collaborative efforts of the regional risk communication and community engagement sub-committee, recognizing their significant contributions to managing the cholera outbreak.
Mr. Clement Amankwah, the Surveillance Officer, provided a more detailed epidemiological overview. He reported that 13 districts within the region have remained cholera-free, indicating the effectiveness of localized control measures in certain areas. However, the overall caseload highlights the persistent challenge posed by cholera. Mr. Amankwah pointed out a significant correlation between the recorded cases and mobile food vendors, suggesting a potential nexus between food handling practices and disease transmission. This observation underscores the necessity for stricter regulations and hygiene standards within the food vending sector to mitigate the risk of contamination.
The epidemiological data also reveals a positive trend in recovery rates, with a total of 2,206 recoveries reported. This suggests that medical interventions and treatment protocols have been effective in managing the disease and preventing fatalities. However, the occurrence of 19 deaths emphasizes the need for early detection, prompt treatment, and continued efforts to improve access to healthcare services, particularly in areas with limited resources. The focus must remain on prevention and addressing the root causes of the outbreaks.
Addressing the underlying sanitation challenges is paramount to achieving sustainable cholera control. Improving water and sanitation infrastructure, promoting safe hygiene practices, and implementing stricter regulations for food handling are critical steps towards eliminating the drivers of cholera transmission. Community engagement and education play a vital role in raising awareness about the importance of hygiene, safe water practices, and responsible waste disposal. Sustained public health campaigns can empower individuals to adopt healthier behaviors and contribute to creating cleaner and safer environments.
Long-term solutions require a multi-faceted approach involving government agencies, public health organizations, and community members. Investments in water and sanitation infrastructure, coupled with effective surveillance systems and rapid response mechanisms, are crucial for preventing future outbreaks. Collaborations between local authorities, healthcare providers, and community leaders can facilitate the implementation of targeted interventions and ensure the effectiveness of control measures. By addressing the underlying factors contributing to cholera transmission and fostering community participation, the Western Region can strive towards a future free from this preventable disease.
