Between 2017 and 2023, the Nigerian government officially granted citizenship to 1,006 foreign nationals, marking a significant influx of new members into the Nigerian populace. This process, governed by the 1999 Constitution and the Citizenship Act, involves a rigorous multi-stage procedure that includes stringent security vetting and a final review by the Federal Executive Council, culminating in the President’s approval. While these naturalization and registration procedures are ongoing administrative functions, the public presentation of citizenship certificates typically occurs during investiture ceremonies presided over by the President or a designated representative. These ceremonies serve as a symbolic welcome to the new citizens, formally integrating them into the Nigerian nation.
The period witnessed three major investiture events. The first, held in 2017, saw 335 individuals receiving their citizenship certificates from then-President Muhammadu Buhari. This cohort comprised individuals naturalized after fulfilling the 15-year residency requirement and those granted citizenship through registration, primarily spouses and children of Nigerian citizens. Following a five-year hiatus attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic and administrative backlogs, the second ceremony took place in 2022, with 286 foreigners receiving their certificates. This group included a diverse range of nationalities, highlighting the global appeal of Nigerian citizenship. The final ceremony under the Buhari administration occurred in 2023, just days before the end of his tenure, with 385 individuals being granted citizenship. This event was particularly notable, as it represented, according to the then-Interior Minister, the largest number of citizenships granted under any Nigerian government within a similar timeframe.
The legal framework for acquiring Nigerian citizenship is clearly defined, offering two primary pathways: naturalization and registration. Naturalization requires a minimum of 15 years of lawful residence in Nigeria, including 10 continuous years immediately preceding the application. Applicants must also demonstrate good character, a clean security record, and tax compliance. The registration route is typically available to foreign spouses or children of Nigerian citizens, often requiring a shorter residency period. Both pathways underscore the importance of integration and commitment to Nigeria as prerequisites for citizenship.
The application process involves a comprehensive review by various government agencies. Applicants submit their documentation to the Ministry of Interior’s Citizenship Division, which verifies identity, residency history, and character references. The Department of State Services (DSS) then conducts thorough security vetting to ensure the applicant poses no threat to national security. Other agencies verify tax compliance and the absence of criminal convictions, further solidifying the integrity of the process. Upon successful completion of these checks, the application proceeds to the Federal Executive Council for final review and presidential assent.
The public investiture ceremonies, though symbolic, represent a significant milestone in the lives of the new citizens. They mark the culmination of a lengthy and rigorous process, signifying their formal acceptance into the Nigerian nation. During these ceremonies, the new citizens take the Oath of Allegiance, pledging their loyalty to Nigeria and its constitution. They are then presented with their certificates of citizenship, officially recognizing their new status. This formal recognition grants them access to Nigerian passports and all the rights and privileges associated with Nigerian citizenship, including the right to vote, own property, and participate fully in the country’s social and political life.
While no public citizenship ceremonies have been held since President Bola Tinubu’s inauguration in May 2023, the process continues. The current Minister of Interior has confirmed that several approved applicants are currently undergoing DSS background checks, suggesting that more individuals will soon join the ranks of Nigerian citizens. This ongoing process highlights the dynamic nature of citizenship acquisition in Nigeria, reflecting the country’s evolving demographic landscape and its openness to welcoming individuals who demonstrate a commitment to its values and its future.
