Miss Susuana Twumwaa, the Midwife in-charge of antenatal and postnatal clinics at Sunyani Teaching Hospital, has voiced her concerns regarding the alarming rise in alcohol and substance abuse among pregnant women and girls. This detrimental behavior poses a significant threat not only to the mothers’ health and well-being but also to the development of their unborn children. She emphasizes the importance of avoiding self-medication and seeking professional medical advice throughout pregnancy. Ms. Twumwaa advocates for regular antenatal clinic attendance as a critical measure to prevent macerated stillbirths, a tragic outcome where the fetus dies in the womb and begins to decompose before delivery. She strongly advises all pregnant women to deliver in health facilities equipped to handle potential labor complications and provide specialized care. Understanding one’s “obstetric history,” which includes past pregnancies and deliveries, is crucial for a smoother and safer birthing experience, according to Ms. Twumwaa.
The detrimental effects of alcohol and substance abuse during pregnancy are well-documented and encompass a range of serious consequences for both mother and child. For the developing fetus, exposure to these harmful substances can lead to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs), a group of conditions characterized by physical, cognitive, and behavioral impairments. These impairments can manifest as developmental delays, learning disabilities, facial abnormalities, and growth deficiencies. In some cases, the consequences can be even more severe, resulting in stillbirth or miscarriage. For the mother, substance abuse can exacerbate existing health problems and create new ones, impacting her ability to carry the pregnancy to term and potentially leading to postpartum complications. The advice to avoid self-medication is equally crucial, as improper medication use can have unforeseen and harmful effects on both mother and child.
Regular antenatal care plays a vital role in ensuring a healthy pregnancy and delivery. During these visits, healthcare professionals monitor the mother’s health, assess the baby’s development, and provide essential information on nutrition, exercise, and overall prenatal care. Early detection of potential complications, such as gestational diabetes or preeclampsia, allows for timely intervention and management, significantly reducing the risk of adverse outcomes. Antenatal visits also offer an opportunity for pregnant women to discuss any concerns or questions they may have, fostering a sense of confidence and empowerment throughout their pregnancy.
The emphasis on delivering in health facilities highlights the importance of access to skilled medical professionals and appropriate resources during childbirth. While home births may be a cultural preference in some communities, they carry increased risks, especially in cases of unexpected complications. Health facilities offer a controlled environment equipped to handle emergencies, ensuring the safety of both mother and baby. Skilled medical personnel can manage complications such as prolonged labor, fetal distress, or postpartum hemorrhage, significantly reducing the likelihood of adverse outcomes. This underscores the importance of accessible and affordable healthcare services for all pregnant women.
Understanding one’s obstetric history is crucial for informed decision-making during pregnancy and delivery. Previous pregnancies, deliveries, and any complications experienced can provide valuable insights into potential risks and inform the care plan for the current pregnancy. For instance, a history of preterm labor may necessitate closer monitoring and preventive measures in subsequent pregnancies. Knowledge of previous cesarean sections or other surgical interventions can guide decisions about the mode of delivery for the current pregnancy. Open communication between the pregnant woman and her healthcare provider about her obstetric history facilitates personalized care and contributes to a safer and healthier pregnancy.
Ms. Stella Kwei Anin, a midwife on duty at the Sunyani Teaching Hospital, further advises pregnant women to refrain from strenuous physical activities that could potentially lead to miscarriage or other complications. She emphasizes the importance of promptly seeking medical attention upon noticing any abnormalities or changes in their body systems. This proactive approach ensures early detection and management of potential health issues, safeguarding both the mother’s and the baby’s well-being. Regular communication with healthcare professionals allows for timely intervention and prevents minor concerns from escalating into serious complications. The combined efforts of healthcare professionals like Ms. Twumwaa and Ms. Anin highlight the dedication to promoting maternal and child health within the community.
